Permanent residents
Navigating the Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) as you immigrate to Canada

Table of Contents
- What is the CLB?
- Why is the CLB necessary for Canadian immigration?
- Approved language tests for Canadian immigration
- Understanding your IELTS score
- Understanding your CELPIP score
- Understanding your TCF Canada score
- Understanding your TEF Canada score
- How your CLB score is calculated
- What is the minimum CLB score required for Express Entry?
- What is the minimum language test score required for a Canadian study permit?
- How long are language test results valid?
- How CLB levels affect Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points
- Choosing your first official language
- CRS points for language test scores in the FSW program
- CRS points for language test scores in the FSTP and CEC programs
- Additional CRS points for French language skills
- How to improve Your CLB Level
Key takeaways
Language Proficiency is Key: The higher your language test scores (CLB levels), the more CRS points you can earn, increasing your chances of being invited to apply for permanent residency.
Second Language Proficiency Can Boost Your CRS Score: If you’re fluent in both English and French, taking language tests in both can earn you additional points for proficiency in your second language.
Higher Scores Offer More Benefits: Achieving a higher CLB score, whether for English or French, not only meets the minimum requirements but also gives you a competitive edge, especially when applying through certain Express Entry streams like FSW, FSTP, and CEC.
Language test scores play a crucial role in determining eligibility for various Canadian immigration programs, serving as proof of your ability to communicate effectively in one or both of Canada’s official languages—English or French. If you wish to become a permanent resident (PR) of Canada, you are required to take a language test that evaluates your proficiency in at least one of these languages. Additionally, a language test score might be necessary if you’re applying for a work permit or seeking admission to a Canadian university or college.
The specific score you need depends on several factors, such as the immigration program you’re applying for, the National Occupational Classification (NOC) code for your work experience, and other criteria. To demonstrate proficiency in English, you can take either the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) or the Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program (CELPIP). Both of these tests are evaluated using the Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB). This article will guide you in understanding the CLB, how your score affects your application, and the tests that are accepted.
What is the CLB?
The Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) is the standard established by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to evaluate, describe, and recognize the English language proficiency of immigrants and prospective immigrants to Canada. While IELTS and CELPIP use different scoring systems, the CLB serves as a common reference point, ensuring that all applicants are assessed against the same scale. After you complete a language test, your score will be converted to a CLB level, helping you determine if you meet the minimum requirements for your immigration application.
The CLB measures four key language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Each skill is assigned a level from 1 to 12, with each level representing a different degree of proficiency. Therefore, you will receive a CLB level for each skill, indicating how well you can perform in that specific area of language.
For French, a similar system is used, called the Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC), which assesses language abilities in the same way the CLB does for English.
Why is the CLB necessary for Canadian immigration?
As a bilingual nation, Canada recognizes both English and French as official languages, and the ability to communicate in either or both of them is vital to thrive in the country. To apply for permanent residency (PR), you must take an IRCC-approved language test to meet the program’s application requirements. Below are the key reasons why the CLB is essential for Canadian immigration:
Standardized scoring: The CLB standard provides a uniform method for evaluating all applicants, ensuring that their language skills are assessed consistently, regardless of which approved test they take. The CLB scale consists of 12 levels, ranging from basic to advanced proficiency. The higher your language test score, the higher your corresponding CLB level. Your test score is converted to the CLB standard, allowing comparisons across all applicants.
Impact on CRS points: The Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) is used by the Canadian government to evaluate eligibility for the Express Entry immigration program. Your CLB level plays a significant role in determining your CRS points. The higher your CLB score, the more CRS points you can earn. Some PR programs also require meeting a specific minimum CLB score to qualify.
Minimum score requirements: To proceed with your application, you must meet the minimum CLB score required for your chosen immigration program. For example, when applying for the Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) program under Express Entry, you need at least a CLB level 7 in all language skills.
Test for both languages: If you are proficient in both English and French, you can take language tests for both languages. Your NCLC score for French can be compared to the CLB level, and you may gain additional CRS points for proficiency in both official languages. Therefore, if you’re fluent in both languages, it is beneficial to take tests for both to maximize your points.

Approved language tests for Canadian immigration
The Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) recognizes the results of specific language tests that are conducted by authorized testing agencies. It is your responsibility to arrange and pay for the test with the approved agency. After completing the test, you can enter your scores into your Express Entry profile. If you receive an invitation to apply, you will need to submit your test results along with your application.
The IRCC accepts the following English language proficiency tests:
- Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program (CELPIP)
- International English Language Testing System (IELTS)
For French language proficiency, the accepted tests are:
- TEF Canada: Test d’évaluation de français
- TCF Canada: Test de connaissance du français
Understanding your IELTS score
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is divided into four sections: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Each section is graded on a scale from 0 to 9, where 9 represents “expert user,” the highest proficiency level. Your scores across the four sections are averaged to calculate your overall score. The IELTS scoring scale is as follows:
- 9 – Expert user
- 8 – Very good user
- 7 – Good user
- 6 – Competent user
- 5 – Modest user
- 4 – Limited user
- 3 – Extremely limited user
- 2 – Intermittent user
- 1 – Non-user (can only use isolated words)
- 0 – Did not attempt the test
Understanding your CELPIP score
The Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program (CELPIP) is a general English language proficiency test that assesses skills in speaking, reading, writing, and listening. CELPIP uses a scoring system based on 12 levels, which correspond to CLB benchmarks. The highest score, 12, indicates advanced proficiency suitable for workplace and community settings. A score of 6 reflects developing proficiency in similar contexts. Scores below 3 are classified as level M, indicating minimal proficiency or insufficient data to assess performance.
Understanding your TCF Canada score
The Test de connaissance du français (TCF) Canada is an IRCC-approved test for assessing French language proficiency. The TCF consists of four sections: oral comprehension, written comprehension, oral expression, and written expression.
The TCF Canada is scored on six proficiency levels, ranging from A1 (limited ability) to C2 (advanced ability). Each candidate receives a certificate that details the score for each section and a level for each language skill, ranging from A1 to C2.
Understanding your TEF Canada score
The Test d’évaluation de français (TEF) Canada and TEFaQ (Test for Evaluating French for Access to Quebec) are both recognized tests for demonstrating French language proficiency required for immigration to Canada and Quebec, respectively. Like the TCF Canada, these exams assess French language skills through four sections, covering both oral and written comprehension and expression.
The TEF Canada evaluates French proficiency across six levels, from A1 (beginner) to C2 (advanced), allowing applicants to showcase their ability in the language.
How your CLB score is calculated
When you take an English language proficiency test, such as IELTS or CELPIP, your score will be recalculated according to the Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) system. This ensures that all applicants are evaluated using the same set of criteria. The Government of Canada provides equivalency charts to help you convert your test results into CLB scores. Below are the equivalency charts for IELTS and CELPIP scores:
IELTS – General training test score equivalency chart
CLB Level | Reading | Writing | Listening | Speaking |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 8.0-9.0 | 7.5-9.0 | 8.5-9.0 | 7.5-9.0 |
9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 |
8 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 6.5 |
7 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
6 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
5 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
4 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 |
CELPIP – General score equivalency chart
CLB Level | Reading | Writing | Listening | Speaking |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
The CLB system is used for evaluating English language proficiency, while French language tests are scored based on the Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC) benchmark. If you take the TCF or TEF French tests, you can use the equivalency charts provided by the Canadian government to convert your scores to NCLC or CLB levels.

What is the minimum CLB score required for Express Entry?
When preparing for your language test, it’s important to understand the minimum CLB score required for the various Express Entry programs, as these requirements differ. Below are the specific requirements for the first official language:
- Federal Skilled Workers Program (FSW): A minimum CLB score of 7 is required in all four language skills, or NCLC 7 if French is your official language.
- Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP): You must achieve a minimum CLB 5 (or NCLC 5) in both listening and speaking skills, and a minimum CLB 4 (or NCLC 4) in reading and writing skills.
- Canadian Experience Class (CEC): The required CLB score for the Canadian Experience Class depends on the TEER level (formerly NOC skill level) of your occupation:
- TEER 0 (formerly NOC skill type 0): Minimum CLB 7 in all four abilities, or NCLC 7.
- TEER 1 (formerly NOC skill level A): Minimum CLB 7 in all four abilities, or NCLC 7.
- TEER 2 (formerly NOC skill level B): Minimum CLB 5 in all four abilities, or NCLC 5.
- TEER 3 (formerly NOC skill level B): Minimum CLB 5 in all four abilities, or NCLC 5.
If you are taking both English and French tests, the minimum acceptable score for your second language is CLB 5 (or NCLC 5).
What is the minimum language test score required for a Canadian study permit?
For those planning to come to Canada for studies, language proficiency is often required when applying to a university or college, as well as for a study permit. Each university or college will have its own minimum language requirements, which may vary based on the program you’re applying for. This ensures that students can fully understand the course content and communicate effectively with peers.
How long are language test results valid?
Language test results are valid for a period of two years. Your test results must be valid both when you complete your Express Entry profile and when you apply for permanent residence after receiving an Invitation to Apply (ITA).
Since your Express Entry profile is valid for up to 12 months, make sure your language test results will remain valid for at least one more year when you submit your profile. If your results are set to expire before you receive an invitation to apply, it’s important to retake the test and update your profile with the new results. If you submit an application for permanent residence with expired test results, your application will be refused.
How CLB levels affect Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points
The Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) is used to assess and score candidates for immigration programs under Express Entry, including the Federal Skilled Worker (FSW), Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP), and Canadian Experience Class (CEC). Your language proficiency test scores for either English, French, or both can significantly impact your CRS score, which influences your chances of receiving an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residence.
Choosing your first official language
When submitting language test scores, it’s important to choose your first official language based on your fluency. If you are proficient in both English and French, you can take language tests for both languages to earn additional CRS points for proficiency in the second official language. This gives you the opportunity to increase your CRS score and improve your chances of being invited to apply.
CRS points for language test scores in the FSW program
For the Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSW), the number of CRS points you can earn for your language proficiency in the first language depends on your CLB level:
- CLB 7: 4 points per ability (reading, writing, listening, and speaking).
- CLB 8: 5 points per ability.
- CLB 9 and above: 6 points per ability.
If you take a second language test and score at least CLB 5 (or NCLC 5 for French), you can earn a maximum of 4 additional points.

CRS points for language test scores in the FSTP and CEC programs
For the Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) and Canadian Experience Class (CEC) programs, the CRS points you can earn for your first language vary depending on your CLB level and whether you’re applying alone or with a spouse:
- Without a spouse:
- CLB 4 or 5: 6 points per ability.
- CLB 6: 9 points per ability.
- CLB 7: 17 points per ability.
- CLB 8: 23 points per ability.
- CLB 9: 31 points per ability.
- CLB 10 and above: 34 points per ability.
- With a spouse:
- You can earn a maximum of 128 points for your language skills plus a maximum of 20 points for your spouse’s language skills, totaling up to 148 points.
If you take a second language test, you can earn additional CRS points based on your score in the second language:
- CLB 5 or 6: 1 point per ability.
- CLB 7 or 8: 3 points per ability.
- CLB 9 or above: 6 points per ability.
Additional CRS points for French language skills
You can earn extra CRS points if you demonstrate proficiency in French, even if it is your second language. The following points are awarded for strong French language skills:
- 25 additional points if your English proficiency is CLB 4 or lower, or if you didn’t take an English test.
- 50 additional points if your English proficiency is CLB 5 or higher in all four skills.
How to improve Your CLB Level
Proper preparation is crucial to improve your performance and increase your language test score. While achieving the minimum required CLB score for your Express Entry application is essential, aiming for a higher score can bring significant benefits. A higher score on your language test—whether English or French—can increase your CRS points, which may improve your chances of receiving an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residence.
Moreover, if you take both an English and a French test, excelling in both languages can give you a substantial advantage, significantly boosting your CRS points and increasing the likelihood of being selected for immigration.
In conclusion, aiming for the highest possible score on your language tests can greatly impact your CRS score and overall chances of qualifying for Canadian permanent residency. By familiarizing yourself with how your IELTS or CELPIP scores translate into CLB levels and how they affect your CRS points, you can make more informed decisions and improve your chances of success. If your CRS score falls short of the required threshold, retaking your language test is a simple and effective way to improve your prospects.
Conclusion
Your language proficiency plays a critical role in your Express Entry application and can have a significant impact on your Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score. Understanding how your test scores translate into CLB levels and how those levels affect your CRS points is essential for maximizing your chances of receiving an Invitation to Apply (ITA). By strategically choosing the language test that best reflects your fluency and preparing for both English and French, if applicable, you can enhance your CRS score and improve your likelihood of success in the immigration process. Keep in mind that aiming for a higher score, even beyond the minimum requirements, can provide a substantial advantage in the competitive Express Entry pool.